Literature Review: Prevention and Control of Malaria Transmission Through the Anopheles Mosquito Vector

Abstract

The global distribution of malaria cases has increased by 14 million, with a corresponding increase in deaths of 69,000. The annual malaria case rate in people living within 1 km of a reservoir is 2.9 times higher than people living between 1 and 2 km and 19.9 times higher than those living 5 to 9 km from a reservoir. The purpose of this study was to determine the process of malaria transmission through Anopheles mosquitoes. This study used the literature review method with a sample of 7 scientific articles from Science Direct, Pubmed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar. Several species of Anopheles mosquitoes namely An. Maculatus, An. pseudowillmori, An. Jeyporiensis and An. Nitidus. Most Anopheles mosquitoes reside in rice fields, biting habits outside the home and peak biting almost throughout the night precisely at one o'clock in the morning. The etiology of malaria is caused by the parasites Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malaria, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium knowlesi.